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Data Sheet
PROPAGATION DELAY PARAMETERS
Propagation delay is a parameter that describes the time it takes a
logic signal to propagate through a component (see Figure 14).
The propagation delay to a logic low output may differ from the
propagation delay to a logic high output.
ADuM5400
Given the geometry of the receiving coil in the ADuM5400 and
an imposed requirement that the induced voltage be, at most,
50% of the 0.5 V margin at the decoder, a maximum allowable
magnetic field is calculated as shown in Figure 15.
100
INPUT (V Ix )
t PLH
t PHL
50%
10
OUTPUT (V Ox )
50%
Figure 14. Propagation Delay Parameters
1
Pulse width distortion is the maximum difference between
these two propagation delay values and is an indication of how
accurately the timing of the input signal is preserved.
Channel-to-channel matching refers to the maximum amount
0.1
0.01
that the propagation delay differs between channels within a
single ADuM5400 component.
0.001
1k
10k 100k 1M 10M
MAGNETIC FIELD FREQUENCY (Hz)
100M
Propagation delay skew refers to the maximum amount that
the propagation delay differs between multiple ADuM540x
components operating under the same conditions.
DC CORRECTNESS AND MAGNETIC FIELD
IMMUNITY
Positive and negative logic transitions at the isolator input cause
narrow (~1 ns) pulses to be sent to the decoder via the trans-
former. The decoder is bistable and is, therefore, either set or
reset by the pulses, indicating input logic transitions. In the
absence of logic transitions at the input for more than 1 μs,
periodic sets of refresh pulses indicative of the correct input
state are sent to ensure dc correctness at the output. If the decoder
receives no internal pulses for more than approximately 5 μs,
the input side is assumed to be unpowered or nonfunctional, in
which case the isolator output is forced to a default state by the
watchdog timer circuit. This situation should occur in the
ADuM5400 only during power-up and power-down operations.
The limitation on the ADuM5400 magnetic field immunity is
set by the condition in which induced voltage in the receiving
coil of the transformer is sufficiently large to falsely set or reset
the decoder. The following analysis defines the conditions
under which this can occur.
The 3.3 V operating condition of the ADuM5400 is examined
because it represents the most susceptible mode of operation.
The pulses at the transformer output have an amplitude of >1.0 V.
The decoder has a sensing threshold of about 0.5 V, thus estab-
lishing a 0.5 V margin in which induced voltages can be tolerated.
The voltage induced across the receiving coil is given by
V = ( ?dβ/dt ) ∑ π r n2 ; n = 1, 2, … , N
Figure 15. Maximum Allowable External Magnetic Flux Density
For example, at a magnetic field frequency of 1 MHz, the
maximum allowable magnetic field of 0.2 kgauss induces a
voltage of 0.25 V at the receiving coil. This is about 50% of the
sensing threshold and does not cause a faulty output transition.
Similarly, if such an event occurs during a transmitted pulse
(and is of the worst-case polarity), the received pulse is reduced
from >1.0 V to 0.75 V, which is still well above the 0.5 V sensing
threshold of the decoder.
The preceding magnetic flux density values correspond to
specific current magnitudes at given distances from the
ADuM5400 transformers. Figure 16 expresses these allowable
current magnitudes as a function of frequency for selected
distances. As shown in Figure 16, the ADuM5400 is extremely
immune and can be affected only by extremely large currents
operated at high frequency very close to the component. For
example, at a magnetic field frequency of 1 MHz, a 0.5 kA current
placed 5 mm away from the ADuM5400 is required to affect the
operation of the component.
1000
DISTANCE = 1m
100
10
DISTANCE = 100mm
1
DISTANCE = 5mm
0.1
where:
β is the magnetic flux density (gauss).
N is the number of turns in the receiving coil.
r n is the radius of the n th turn in the receiving coil (cm).
0.01
1k
10k 100k 1M 10M
MAGNETIC FIELD FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 16. Maximum Allowable Current
for Various Current-to-ADuM5400 Spacings
100M
Rev. B | Page 13 of 16
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